Auschwitz holds observances on the 80th anniversary of the death camp's liberation
Source: NPR/AP
January 27, 2025 5:28 AM ET
OSWIECIM, Poland — The 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz by Soviet troops is being marked on Monday at the site of the former death camp, a ceremony that is widely being treated as the last major observance that any notable number of survivors will be able to attend.
Nazi German forces murdered some 1.1 million people at the site in southern Poland, which was under German occupation during World War II. Most of the victims were Jews killed on an industrial scale in gas chambers, but the Germans also murdered many Poles, Roma, Soviet prisoners of war, gay people and others who were targeted for elimination in the Nazi racial ideology.
Elderly camp survivors, some wearing blue-and-white striped scarves that recall their prison uniforms, walked together to the the Death Wall, where prisoners were executed, including many Poles who resisted the occupation of their country.
They were joined by Polish President Andrzej Duda, whose nation lost 6 million citizens during the war. He carried a candle and walked with Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum director Piotr Cywinski. At the wall, the two men bowed their heads, murmured prayers and crossed themselves.
Read more: https://www.npr.org/2025/01/27/g-s1-44880/auschwitz-80th-anniversary-death-camp-liberation
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The Auschwitz camp complex was made up of three large camps: Auschwitz I (the ‘main’ camp, Auschwitz II (Birkenau) and Auschwitz III (Monowitz). At its largest the camp had a network of more than forty satellite camps. The complex was located west of Kraków in Poland.
All three camps functioned both as forced labour and concentration camps . Auschwitz-Birkenau became the main extermination camp following the Wannsee Conference in January 1942, after which the Nazis moved the gassing of prisoners from Auschwitz I to Birkenau.
The lethal gas Zyklon B was selected as the method of mass murder, after tests were conducted in Auschwitz I in September 1941. Auschwitz initially had one gas chamber at the Auschwitz I camp, but this was soon expanded. By 1943, four new crematoria, with gas chambers attached, had been built in Auschwitz-Birkenau.
An estimated 1.3 million people were deported to Auschwitz, and approximately 1.1 million people were murdered in the Auschwitz gas chambers, including 1 million Jews.
Continues... https://www.theholocaustexplained.org/the-camps/case-study-auschwitz-birkenau/
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